Thin films can be made from a variety of materials, including metals (e.g., gold, silver), oxides (e.g., silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide), and semiconductors (e.g ...

Semiconductor devices are becoming thinner and more complex, making thin deposited films even harder to measure and control. With 3nm node devices in production and 2nm nodes ramping toward ...

Dendritic structures that emerge during the growth of thin films are a major obstacle in large-area fabrication, a key step towards commercialization. However, current methods of studying dendrites ...

Plastics make up approximately 5–12 % of global waste generation, constituting around 20–30 % of waste by weight. Alarmingly, about 60 % of plastics end up as plastic waste (PW) in the environment. 2 ...

Silicon-free tandem solar cells are a topic of research for commercial, academic, and institutional labs in the United States. Researchers at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable ...