This is because the beetle can break down the plant-derived compounds (phenolic glucosides) via a water-mediated process ...

Spruce bark beetles don’t just tolerate their host tree’s chemical defenses—they actively reshape them into stronger ...

Stan Boutin has climbed more than 5,000 spruce trees in the last 30 years. He has often returned to the forest floor knowing if a ball of twigs and moss within the tree contained newborn red squirrel ...