Inside high-energy proton collisions, quarks and gluons briefly form a dense, boiling state before cooling into ordinary ...

Nonconformists could take a page from the proton’s playbook: The subatomic particle is once again resisting scientists’ attempts to size it up. Everyone agrees the proton is tiny: Its radius is less ...

Like a quantum version of a whirling top, protons have angular momentum, known as spin. But the source of the subatomic particles’ spin has confounded physicists. Now scientists have confirmed that ...

Being able to see inside an object is essential to understanding how it works. X-rays revolutionized medicine by giving doctors a noninvasive way to look beneath the skin — to spot broken bones, ...