Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a crucial metric for assessing the organic pollution load in water, reflecting the amount of oxygen required to oxidise organic compounds. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) ...

Wastewater carries large quantities of organic substances into the rivers and lakes, leading to heavy growth of bacteria and oxygen deficiency. Measurement methods have so far been incapable of ...

When wastewater from villages and cities flows into rivers and lakes, large quantities of fats, proteins, sugars and other carbon-containing, organic substances wind up in nature together with the ...