Biopharmaceuticals (or biologics) are produced using biological-expression systems (such as mammalian, bacterial, insect cells, etc.), which have spawned a vast biopharmaceutical industry ...

The rapid growth of the biologics safety testing market has led to the need for more testing capabilities in manufacturing and clinical research. Industry guidelines require biopharmaceutical and ...

Major processes in semiconductor wafer fabrication: 1) wafer preparation, 2) pattern transfer, 3) doping, 4) deposition, 5) etching, and 6) packaging. The process of creating semiconductors can be ...

Mechanical testing is a way of testing and measuring the properties of materials. Machines/instruments are available to test materials or finished products in a range of different ways including ...