3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, is rapidly becoming commonplace in all industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical and dental, and consumer and industrial goods. Some ...

Have you ever imaged high-resolution 3D structures at the micro/nanoscale that react dynamically to their surroundings? The 4D printing technology is changing the game by using smart materials that ...

The combination of 3D and 4D printing technologies with EMMs holds great promise for the future, driving innovation and opening up new avenues for research and development in multiple disciplines.

Printable shape-memory materials introduce a temporal dimension to conventional 3D printing technique. This emerging paradigm, known as 4D printing, has enabled printed structures with programmed ...

Advances in machine learning and shape-memory polymers are enabling engineers to design for mechanical performance first and ...

With 4D printing, the objects can change shape or properties using external stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, magnetic field, electricity, and moisture. Additionally, the changes in shape or ...

In the latest research in the field of materials science and engineering, researchers have made remarkable progress in the 3D and 4D printing of electromagnetic metamaterials (EMMs). This breakthrough ...